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Cash in Türkiye

Learning from the Turkish Red Crescent’s comprehensive humanitarian cash programmes in Türkiye

The Turkish Red Crescent (Türk Kızılay) has been at the forefront of large-scale humanitarian cash programming for the last decade. Its sector-leading Kızılaykart Platform enables simultaneous implementation of multiple cash assistance programmes, through the ‘Kızılaykart’ (debit card).  

A series of cash assistance programmes are currently supporting vulnerable adults and children living under Temporary Protection, International Protection (applicant status and status holder) or Humanitarian Residence Permit in Türkiye, along with those affected by the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. 

Find further information and resources on the Kızılaykart cash-based assistance programmes here: (EN) (TR)   

From 2020 to 2023 the Turkish Red Crescent and the IFRC, with funding from the European Union, implemented the Emergency Social Safety Net (ESSN) – which was the largest humanitarian cash programme in the world.

Via the ESSN, more than 1.5 million refugees living in Türkiye received regular monthly cash assistance, enabling people to decide for themselves how to cover their essential needs such as food, rent, medicine, transport and other bills. In 2023 the programme was handed over to the Turkish Ministry of Family and Social Services, who continue implementing the now renamed Social Safety Net (SSN) programme in partnership with the Turkish Red Crescent. 

Click here to access the IFRC Go Platform Dashboard for Turkiye 


In December 2023 the IFRC and Türk Kızılay organised an Emergency Social Safety Net (ESSN) Learning Exchange event, with the support of the Cash Hub. The event, held in-person in Ankara and attended by remote participants online, was a part of proceedings marking the formal conclusion and handover of the ESSN.

The overall aim of the Learning Exchange was to use experience from ESSN implementation to contribute to the broader body of knowledge on humanitarian emergency cash and social protection programming.

Key sessions looked at the ESSN journey since its inception in 2016; community engagement and accountability (CEA) in large-scale CVA programming; innovative uses of data supporting ESSN design and implementation; programme adaptability and shock responsiveness; the value of positive campaigning via lessons from the ESSN’s unique story telling project; and at enablers for the successful implementation of a large-scale nexus programme.  

Kahramanmaraş Earthquake response: Find the latest resources

20 February 2023

Shaken to the Core: Assessing the impact of the earthquake on ESSN and C-ESSN recipients

This report provides an overview of the impact of the February 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake on ESSN and C-ESSN…

2 March 2023

Kahramanmaraş Earthquake: Rapid Market Assessment

This rapid assessment aims to understand the current market conditions after the February 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake, identifies the…

16 March 2023

Minimum Expenditure Basket Methodology and Analysis for Türkiye Earthquake Emergency

This report, compiled by Turkish Red Crescent (TRC) and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent (IFRC)…


23 April 2019

ESSN Post-Distribution Monitoring Report Cross-Section Round 2 (PDM 5)

Type:

Report

Organization:

ECHO, Turkish Red Crescent (Türk Kızılay), WFP

This report provides an assessment of the effects of the ESSN assistance on beneficiary households over the course of two years, using data of refugees living off-camp before and after receiving ESSN cash assistance. These results present findings from three surveys: Pre-Assistance Baseline (PAB), Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) Cross Section Round 1 (CS1) and PDM Cross Section Round 2 (CS2)

  • Cash in Turkiye

1 March 2019

Emergency Social Safety Net (ESSN) Programme Technical Analysis Report

Type:

Report

Organization:

Turkish Red Crescent (Türk Kızılay)

This report analyses the ESSN programme and covers the first quarter of 2019. The ESSN programme has been targeting vulnerable refugees population living in Turkey since November 2016.

  • Cash in Turkiye
  • Livelihoods

23 August 2018

Lessons Learned Exercise: Emergency Social Safety Net (ESSN) Task Force Coordination in Turkey

Type:

Learning

Organization:

European Commission, Food Security Cluster, Norcap, Turkish Red Crescent (Türk Kızılay), WFP

This Lessons Learned Exercise (LLE) focuses on the coordination work and relations building carried out by the Task Force since it was established in December 2016. It looks at how the Task Force achieved its objectives by engaging with humanitarian actors outside of the ESSN and the various coordination mechanisms created to assist refugees in Turkey. Key findings are organized according to: what worked well; gaps/risks; and key takeaways, under three main criteria: (1) relevance/appropriateness; (2) effectiveness; and (3) interconnectedness and sustainability of engagements.

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21 August 2018

Emergency Social Safety Net (ESSN) Programme Vulnerability Profiling 2018

Type:

Research

Organization:

ECHO, Turkish Red Crescent (Türk Kızılay), WFP

The primary objective of this analysis is to inform the technical design of the ESSN programme in 2019 and beyond, and to support evidence-based decision making for the selection of eligible households. The analysis builds upon a large amount of data collected through the ESSN and aims to answer core vulnerability questions, to provide evidence to refine the targeting criteria used, and to estimate how many refugee households have the potential to ‘graduate’ into livelihoods programming.

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9 August 2018

The Facility for Refugees in Turkey: helpful support, but improvements needed to deliver more value for money

Type:

Evaluation

Organization:

European Court of Auditors

The scope of the audit was to assess the management of the Facility and the results achieved so far. The audit covered the period from the establishment of the Facility until 31 March 2018. The main audit question was: ‘Is the Facility for Refugees in Turkey effectively supporting refugees in Turkey?’.

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23 July 2018

Emergency Social Safety Net Post-Distribution Monitoring Report – Round 1

Type:

Report

Organization:

Turkish Red Crescent (Türk Kızılay), WFP, World Bank

This report provides an assessment of the initial effects of the ESSN assistance on beneficiary households, using data of refugees living off-camp before and after receiving ESSN cash assistance. The results presented here are preliminary, and provide only a snapshot of the results from two surveys: Pre-Assistance Baseline (PAB) and Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM).

  • Cash in Turkiye